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Allergic Rhinits

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Allergy (Allergic Rhinitis)

 

Allergic rhinitis, commonly referred to as allergies or hay fever, is an inflammatory response in the nose triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, animal dander, or mold. When a person with allergic rhinitis is exposed to an allergen, their immune system overreacts, producing antibodies that release histamine and other chemicals, causing symptoms.

Symptoms

  • Sneezing
  • Itchy, watery eyes
  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Coughing or throat irritation
  • Itching in the nose, mouth, or throat

Causes

  • Pollen: from trees, grasses, and weeds (seasonal)
  • Dust mites: microscopic bugs often found in bedding, upholstery, and carpets
  • Animal dander: proteins found in an animal's skin cells, urine, and saliva
  • Mold spores: fungi that release spores into the air

Treatment

  • Antihistamines
  • Decongestants
  • Nasal corticosteroids
  • Allergy shots (immunotherapy)
  • Avoidance strategies

Prevention

  • Limiting outdoor activities during high pollen seasons
  • Using high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters
  • Keeping windows closed during allergy seasons
  • Regular cleaning to minimize dust