Asthma
Asthma Treatment
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. In people with asthma, the airways are more sensitive and can become inflamed and narrow when exposed to certain triggers. These triggers can include allergens (like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander), respiratory infections, cold air, exercise, smoke, and strong odors, among others.
Monitoring and Regular Check-Ups
Peak Flow Meters: These handheld devices measure how well air moves out of the lungs, helping to detect changes before symptoms worsen.
Spirometry Tests: Regular lung function tests help monitor asthma and adjust the treatment plan as needed.
Regular Medical Check-Ups: Seeing a healthcare provider regularly ensures that asthma is well-controlled and medications are effective.
Symptoms
- Shortness of Breath
- Wheezing
- Chest Tightness
- Coughing
- Difficulty Sleeping
- Fatigue
Diagnosis
- Physical Exam
- Spirometry
- Peak Flow Test
- Exhaled Nitric Oxide Test
- Bronchodilator Reversibility Test
- Methacholine Challenge Test
Long-Term Control Medications
Inhaled Corticosteroids
Reduce inflammation in the airways, e.g., fluticasone, budesonide.
Long-Acting Beta Agonists (LABAs)
Help keep airways open for an extended period, but are usually prescribed with inhaled corticosteroids, e.g., salmeterol, formoterol.
Leukotriene Modifiers
Oral medications that block certain chemicals that cause inflammation, e.g., montelukast.
Biologics
Used for severe asthma that isn’t controlled with other medications. Biologic drugs target specific molecules in the immune response, e.g., omalizumab, mepolizumab.
