Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)
Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)
Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is a broad term for a group of over 200 lung disorders that cause inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) of the lung tissue, specifically within the interstitium—the network of tissues and tiny air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. This scarring can lead to progressive stiffness of the lungs, making it difficult for oxygen to move into the bloodstream and causing breathing difficulties.
Key Characteristics of ILD
Inflammation
The lung tissue becomes inflamed, especially in response to inhaled irritants, autoimmune reactions, or unknown causes.
Fibrosis (Scarring)
Chronic inflammation can lead to fibrosis, where lung tissue becomes thickened, scarred, and less elastic, reducing the lung's capacity to expand and exchange gases effectively.
Progressive Nature
ILD often worsens over time, though the rate of progression can vary widely depending on the specific type and cause.
Symptoms
- Shortness of breath
- A persistent dry cough
- Fatigue and weakness
- Unintended weight loss
- Chest discomfort or pain
- Clubbing of fingers in advanced cases
Treatment
Medications
Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs: such as corticosteroids, to reduce inflammation.
Antifibrotic drugs: like pirfenidone and nintedanib, to slow the progression of fibrosis.
Oxygen therapy
To improve oxygen levels in the blood and ease breathing.
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Exercises and education to strengthen breathing muscles and improve lung function.
Lung transplantation
In severe cases, lung transplantation may be an option when other treatments are ineffective.
